ARWU / Shanghai Ranking 2018

US Rank	World Rank	Name
1	1	Harvard University
2	2	Stanford University
3	4	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4	5	University of California, Berkeley
5	6	Princeton University
6	8	Columbia University
7	9	California Institute of Technology
8	10	University of Chicago
9	11	University of California, Los Angeles
10	12	Cornell University
10	12	Yale University

US Rank	World Rank	University
12	14	University of Washington
13	15	University of California, San Diego
14	16	University of Pennsylvania
15	18	Johns Hopkins University
16	20	Washington University, St. Louis
17	21	University of California, San Francisco
18	25	Northwestern University
19	26	Duke University
20	27	University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

US Rank	World Rank	University
21	28	University of Wisconsin - Madison
22	30	Rockefeller University
22	30	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
24	32	New York University
25	37	University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
26	38	University of Colorado, Boulder
27	40	The University of Texas, Austin
28	41	University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
29	46	University of California, Santa Barbara
30	48	The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas

US Rank	World Rank	University
31	50	Vanderbilt University
32	51	University of Maryland, College Park
33	60	University of Southern California
34	70	Boston University
34	70	Purdue University - West Lafayette
34	70	Rice University
37	74	Pennsylvania State University - University Park
38	79	Georgia Institute of Technology
39	81	Mayo Medical School
40	83	University of California, Irvine

US Rank	World Rank	University
41	86	University of Florida
42	90	University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Campus
43	91	Carnegie Mellon University
44	94	The Ohio State University - Columbus
45	96	University of California, Davis
46	100	The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center

Methodology

Selection of universities

ARWU coversall universities whose employees have been awarded a Nobel Prize or a Fields Medal or whose scientists have published in the journals Nature or Science or very frequently cited papers. In addition, the institutions indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) are important for the ranking. On this basis, more than 1500 universities are evaluated and finally the top 500 are published in the ARWU.

 

Key Indicators and Weightings

Six key indicators are measured to evaluate the universities. For each indicator, one university is rated as the best in the category and receives the maximum rating of 100 points. All other institutions receive a percentage derived from the maximum score according to their position. In order to prevent distortion of the individual parameters, standardizedstatistical methods are used for data collection. The following table provides information on the weighting of the individual parameters from which the overall result for each university is determined.

Criteria	Indicator	Code	Weight
Quality of Education	Alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals	Alumni	10 %
Quality of Faculty	Staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals	Award	20 %
Quality of Faculty	Highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject categories	HiCi	20 %
Research Output	Papers published in Nature and Science*	N&S	20 %
Research Output	Papers indexed in Science Citation Index-expanded and Social Science Citation Index	PUB	20 %
Per Capita Performance	Per capita academic performance of an institution	PCP	10 %
Total	0	0	100 %

* For institutions specialized in humanities and social sciences such as London School of Economics, N&S is not considered, and the weight of N&S is relocated to other indicators.

 

Definition of key indicators

Alumni

Alumni are former students of an institution who have achieved a Bachelor’s, Master’s or Doctorate degree there. The Alumni category includes all graduates of a university who have received Nobel Prizes and/or Fields Medals in their lifetime. However, a distinction is made as to when the alumni were awarded their prizes. The intervals between the academic degree awarded and the award ceremony play a decisive role and are weighted accordingly every ten years (2010 -1911) with a factor. If the academic degree was earned in the years 2001-2010, the factor for the alumni is 100%. For alumni who earned their degree in the years 1991-2000 the factor is 90%, for graduates of the years 1981-1990 still 80% and finally 10% for alumni who earned their degree in the years 1911-1920.

 

Award

In the “Award” category, only those employees are considered who were also employed at the respective university during the period in which the prize was awarded. Provided this condition is met, all employees who have received the Nobel Prize in physics, chemistry, medicine and economics and the Fields Medal in mathematics are counted. In this category, the timing of the award is also weighted by various factors. If the prize was won after 2011, the factor is 100%, for the prize in the years 2001-2010 it is 90%, in the years 1991-2000 80%, in the years 1981-1990 70% etc. and finally 10% in the years 1921-1930. When an award winner is associated with more than one institution, each institution receives the equivalent of the number of institutions. In the case where a prize is won by more than one person, as in the case of the Nobel Prize, the factor for the winner is defined according to his or her share of the prize.

 

HiCi

This key indicator reflects the number of selected scientists with a high citation rate. ARWU 2018 is based on the list of frequently cited researchers published by Clarivate Analytics 2017 (2017 HCR list of December 15, 2017). N&STo define the key indicator “N&S”, only publications of the type “Article” are considered. All articles published in the journals “Nature” or “Science” between 2013 and 2017 are further counted. The weighting by means of a factor helps to distinguish the order of the authors. A first author is evaluated with the factor 100%, the second author receives 50%, the third author 25% and all other authors 10%.

 

PUB

The category “PUB” also only recognizes publications of the type “Articles”. The decisive factor is the number of all articles indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Science Citation Index in 2017. If articles that are listed in the Social Science Citation Index are included in the calculation, they are weighted double.

 

PCP

Since the number of publications always depends on the number of employees of a university, this ratio must be respected. For this purpose, the key indicators “Alumni”, “Award”, “HiCi”, “N&S” and “PUB” are divided by the number of full-time equivalent academic staff. If the number of scientific employees for the university cannot be determined, the above-mentioned key figures are included in the evaluation without corresponding weighting. For ARWU 2018, however, the number of full-time equivalent scientific employees of all universities in the USA, Great Britain, France, Canada, Japan, Italy, China, Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, South Korea, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, New Zealand and many more could be determined.

 

Data Sources

Criteria	Data Source
Nobel laureates	http://nobelprize.org/
Fields Medals	http://www.mathunion.org/
Highly cited researchers	https://clarivate.com/hcr/
Papers published in Nature and Science	http://www.webofscience.com/
Articles indexed in Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Science Citation Index	http://www.webofscience.com/
Others	Number of academic staff data is obtained from national agencies such as National Ministry of Education, National Bureau of Statistics, National Association of Universities and Colleges, National Rector's Conference.

 

More information about ARWU Ranking 2018 can be found on the website:
http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2018.html